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Pendimethalin |
| Chemical name: |
N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine |
| Molecular weight: |
281.3
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| Molecular formular: |
C13H19N3O4 |
Mode of action: |
Selective herbicide, absorbed by the roots and leaves. Affected plants die shortly after germination or following emergence from the soil. |
Uses: |
Control of most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds, at 0.6-2.4 kg/ha, in cereals, onions, leeks, garlic, fennel, maize, sorghum, rice, soya beans, peanuts, brassicas, carrots, celery, black salsify, peas, field beans, lupins, evening primrose, tulips, potatoes, cotton, hops, pome fruit, stone fruit, berry fruit (including strawberries), citrus fruit, lettuce, aubergines, capsicums, established turf, and in transplanted tomatoes, sunflowers, and tobacco. Applied pre-plant incorporated, pre-emergence, pre-transplanting, or early post-emergence. Also used for control of suckers in tobacco. |
Physical chemistry: |
Form Orange-yellow crystals. M.p. 54-58 °C B.p. Decomposes on distillation. V.p. 1.94 mPa (25 °C) Kow logP = 5.2 Henry 2.728 Pa m3 mol-1 (25 °C) S.g./density 1.19 (25 °C) Solubility In water 0.33 mg/l (pH 7, 20 °C). In acetone, xylene and dichloromethane >800, hexane 48.98 (all in g/l, 20 °C). Readily soluble in benzene, toluene, and chloroform. Slightly soluble in petroleum ether and petrol. Stability Very stable in storage; store above 5 °C and below 130 °C. Stable to acids and alkalis. Slowly decomposed by light; DT50 in water <21 d. pKa 2.8 F.p. Not flammable. Other properties Not explosive. |
Mmmalian toxicology: |
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000, male mice 3399, female mice 2899, rabbits >5000, beagle dogs >5000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 for rats >320 mg/l. NOEL In 2 y feeding trials, dogs receiving 12.5 mg/kg b.w. daily showed no ill-effects. ADI 0.125 mg/kg b.w. Water GV 20 μg/l (TDI 5 μg/kg b.w.). Toxicity Class WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III EC classification (Xi; R43| N; R50, R53) |
Ecotoxicology: |
Birds Acute LD50 for mallard ducks 1421 mg/kg b.w. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail 4187 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 0.14, bluegill sunfish 0.2, channel catfish 0.42 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h) 0.28 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. NOEC (30 d) for Chironomus riparius 0.138 mg/l. Bees LD50 (topical) >101.2 μg/bee. Worms EC50 (14 d) >1000 ppm. |
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